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The Opioid Crisis
A major societal issue in the world today, opioid addiction is causing a devastating number of deaths and is costing countries millions of dollars.This timely book includes information on the causes and effects of opioid addiction and the methods being used to combat this deadly epidemic.
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Pain, the Opioid Epidemic, and Depression
Long-term prescription opioid use occurs in a substantial proportion of new opioid users.Most concerning is that high risk patients with comorbid depression, anxiety, nicotine dependence, and substance use disorders, compared to patients without these factors, continue to be prescribed higher opioid doses for longer durations, and are more likely to receive opioids with high abuse potential.To understand this phenomenon, we must consider the relationships between pain, mental illness, substance use disorder and long-term prescription opioid use.While separate fields have investigated the bi-directional relationships between depression, pain, and long-term prescription opioid use independently of one another, there is no text which has brought together the complex interaction of all three together.Drawing on contributions from neuroscience, pain psychiatry, clinical epidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical trials and research on social determinants of health, Pain, the Opioid Epidemic, and Depression is the first book to integrate currently siloed areas of investigation and clinical knowledge.This book takes a comprehensive approach, from neurophysiology to epidemiology to clinical practice, and explains the processes driving maintenance of chronic pain, persistent depression, and long-term prescription opioid use, as well as taper and buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder.Readers will come to understand the central role of depression, other psychiatric disorders, and social determinants that contribute to pain management outcomes, the opioid epidemic, and our response to opioid dependence and opioid use disorder.By taking a multidisciplinary approach to compiling what is known about the relationships between pain, depression, other psychiatric disorders and opioids, this volume will be a valuable clinical resource for a range of healthcare and mental health professionals who encounter chronic pain and comorbid mood disorders, while also spawning new directions for researchers.
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The Opioid Crisis : A Policy Case Study
All types of communities across the US are struggling to fight the opioid epidemic.This book offers a policy analysis and provides points for in-depth discussion about the current drug crisis.It is meant to supplement a standard social welfare/social work or advocacy textbook and applies the concepts to the real-life challenges facing those with an opioid use disorder. The Opioid Crisis offers no simplistic explanations or easy answers to the policy challenges caused by the opioid crisis.Instead, it provides analytic tools such as the Social Determinants of Health to help readers grapple with this multi-faceted problem.Topics include stigma related to drug use and poverty, child welfare, the overincarceration of drug users (especially persons of color), and policy solutions such as supervised injection sites.Harm reduction, a controversial approach, is also addressed as a policy issue.Central to the book's purpose is to increase the respect for the dignity and worth of persons with opioid use disorder who deserve the best possible support for their recoveries.The opioid crisis presents many policy challenges, but also several opportunities to fight for social justice--and win.
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American Overdose : The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts
LONGLISTED FOR THE ORWELL PRIZE FOR POLITICAL WRITING 2019A devastating portrait of America's opioid painkiller epidemic - the deadliest drug crisis in US history.One hundred and fifty Americans are killed each day by the opioid epidemic.But, as Chris McGreal reveals it was an avoidable tragedy driven by bad science, corporate greed and a corrupted medical system.He tells the stories of the families devastated by painkillers they thought would heal, and the physicians and scientists who took on the drug companies behind the epidemic.American Overdose is a powerful account of the terrible human cost of the crisis, and a stark warning of the consequences of running a health care system as a business, not a service.
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Which substance is it, benzodiazepine or opioid?
The substance in question is benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that are used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps to calm the central nervous system. Opioids, on the other hand, are a class of drugs that are used to treat pain and work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
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How does Fentanyl affect opioid-naive patients?
Fentanyl can have a particularly strong effect on opioid-naive patients due to its potency. Opioid-naive patients have not built up a tolerance to opioids, so even small doses of Fentanyl can lead to significant respiratory depression and other serious side effects. It is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully monitor opioid-naive patients when prescribing Fentanyl to prevent overdose and other complications. Additionally, healthcare providers should consider alternative pain management strategies for opioid-naive patients to minimize the risk of adverse effects associated with Fentanyl.
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Is analgesic the same as non-opioid analgesic?
No, analgesic is a broad term that refers to any medication that relieves pain, while non-opioid analgesic specifically refers to pain relievers that do not contain opioids. Non-opioid analgesics include medications like acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin. Opioids, on the other hand, are a specific class of analgesics that work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain perception.
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What is the role of naloxone in opioid preparations?
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that is included in some opioid preparations to help prevent and reverse opioid overdose. It works by blocking the effects of opioids on the brain and can quickly restore normal breathing in individuals who have overdosed on opioids. Naloxone is often included in opioid formulations to reduce the risk of respiratory depression and overdose, especially in high-risk populations such as chronic pain patients or individuals with a history of substance abuse. Its presence in opioid preparations can help save lives by providing a safety net in case of accidental overdose.
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Chronic Pain and Opioid Management : Strategies for Integrated Treatment
This book presents an integrated approach for concurrently treating chronic pain and opioid use. Many patients who suffer from chronic pain are also managing opioid medications. Because this population often requires a higher level of care, it is critical for providers to address pain and opioid management together. This book presents an integrated healthcare team approach that helps patients manage opioid use in a structured, safe, and supportive environment while also exploring all of the factors that impact the patients’ pain experience. This whole-person approach to care allows for cross-cutting strategies to be applied and maximizes the reduction of suffering. The behavioral treatment strategies in this book can help providers assist patients who are struggling with chronic pain and have relied on opioids at one point.This includes individuals that are considering de-prescribing, are in the process of opioid tapering, have recently discontinued from opioids, or are currently using opioids effectively for pain. Combining expert clinical guidance with the latest research and practical case examples, the book helps practitioners across healthcare disciplines understand their patients, improve rapport and engagement, and implement treatment strategies to help patients live their best lives.
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The Opioid Epidemic : What Everyone Needs to Know®
An incisive, essential guide to understanding one of today's most urgent -- and complex -- problems.The opioid epidemic is responsible for longest sustained decline in U.S. life expectancy since the time of World War I and the Great Influenza.In 2017, nearly 50,000 Americans died from an opioid overdose - with an estimated 2 million more living with opioid addiction every day. The Opioid Epidemic: What Everyone Needs to Know is an accessible, nonpartisan overview of the causes, politics, and treatments tied to the most devastating health crisis of our time.Its comprehensive approach and Q&A format offer readers a practical path to understanding the epidemic from all sides.This includes:· the basic science of opioids · the nature of addiction· the underlying reasons for the opioid epidemic· effective approaches to helping individuals, families, communities, and national policy· myths and common misunderstandings related to opioid addiction Written by two expert physicians and enriched with stories from their experiences in the crosshairs of this epidemic, this book is a critical resource for any general reader -- and for the individuals and families fighting this fight in their own lives.
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Streaming Music : Practices, Media, Cultures
Streaming Music examines how the Internet has become integrated in contemporary music use, by focusing on streaming as a practice and a technology for music consumption.The backdrop to this enquiry is the digitization of society and culture, where the music industry has undergone profound disruptions, and where music streaming has altered listening modes and meanings of music in everyday life.The objective of Streaming Music is to shed light on what these transformations mean for listeners, by looking at their adaptation in specific cultural contexts, but also by considering how online music platforms and streaming services guide music listeners in specific ways.Drawing on case studies from Moscow and Stockholm, and providing analysis of Spotify, VK and YouTube as popular but distinct sites for music, Streaming Music discusses, through a qualitative, cross-cultural, study, questions around music and value, music sharing, modes of engaging with music, and the way that contemporary music listening is increasingly part of mobile, automated and computational processes.Offering a nuanced perspective on these issues, it adds to research about music and digital media, shedding new light on music cultures as they appear today.As such, this volume will appeal to scholars of media, sociology and music with interests in digital technologies.
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Opioid Reckoning : Love, Loss, and Redemption in the Rehab State
Examines the complexity and the humanity of the opioid epidemic America’s opioid epidemic continues to ravage families and communities, despite intense media coverage, federal legislation, criminal prosecutions, and harm reduction efforts to prevent overdose deaths.More than 450,000 Americans have died from opioid overdoses since the late 1990s.In Opioid Reckoning, Amy C. Sullivan explores the complexity of the crisis through firsthand accounts of people grappling with the reverberating effects of stigma, treatment, and recovery.Nearly everyone in the United States has been touched in some way by the opioid epidemic, including the author and her family.Sullivan uses her own story as a launching point to learn how the opioid epidemic challenged longstanding recovery protocols in Minnesota, a state internationally recognized for pioneering addiction treatment.By centering the voices of many people who have experienced opioid use, treatment, recovery, and loss, Sullivan exposes the devastating effects of a one-size-fits-all approach toward treatment of opioid dependency.Taking a clear-eyed, nonjudgmental perspective of every aspect of these issues—drug use, parenting, harm reduction, medication, abstinence, and stigma—Opioid Reckoning questions current treatment models, healthcare inequities, and the criminal justice system.Sullivan also imagines a future where anyone suffering an opioid-use disorder has access to the individualized care, without judgment, available to those with other health problems.Opioid Reckoning presents a captivating look at how the state that invented “rehab” addresses the challenges of the opioid epidemic and its overdose deaths while also taking readers into the intimate lives of families, medical and social work professionals, grassroots activists, and many others impacted by the crisis who contribute their insights and potential solutions.In sharing these stories and chronicling their lessons, Sullivan offers a path forward that cultivates empathy, love, and hope for anyone affected by chaotic drug use and its harms.
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What are the effects of long-term opioid dependence?
Long-term opioid dependence can have serious physical, psychological, and social effects. Physically, it can lead to tolerance, meaning higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect, as well as withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not taken. Psychologically, it can lead to mood swings, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments. Socially, it can strain relationships, lead to isolation, and impact one's ability to work or engage in daily activities. Overall, long-term opioid dependence can have a significant negative impact on a person's overall well-being and quality of life.
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What is the difference between opioid, opium, and opiate?
Opioid is a broad term that refers to any substance, natural or synthetic, that binds to opioid receptors in the brain and body. Opium is a naturally occurring substance derived from the opium poppy plant, which contains various opioid alkaloids such as morphine and codeine. Opiate refers to any drug derived from opium, including natural substances like morphine and codeine, as well as semi-synthetic drugs like heroin. In summary, opioids are a broad category of drugs that includes natural and synthetic substances, while opium is a specific natural substance derived from the opium poppy, and opiates are drugs derived from opium.
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What is the difference between an opioid and an opiate?
The main difference between an opioid and an opiate lies in their origin. Opiates are a subset of opioids that are naturally derived from the opium poppy plant, such as morphine and codeine. On the other hand, opioids are a broader category that includes both natural and synthetic substances that bind to opioid receptors in the brain, including opiates as well as synthetic opioids like fentanyl and oxycodone. In summary, all opiates are opioids, but not all opioids are opiates.
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What can lead to a false positive result in opioid drug screening?
A false positive result in opioid drug screening can be caused by a variety of factors, including cross-reactivity with other substances. Some over-the-counter medications, such as certain cold and flu remedies, can contain ingredients that may cross-react with the opioid screening test and produce a false positive result. Additionally, certain foods and herbal supplements can also lead to false positive results. It is important for individuals undergoing opioid drug screening to disclose any medications, supplements, or foods they have consumed to help avoid false positive results.
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